Communications in Libya
From Wikipedia,
Communications in Libya describes the
overall environment for the radio, television, telephone, Internet, and
newspaper markets in Libya.
The control of the media by
Colonel Gaddafi's regime came to an end after the fall of Tripoli in August
2011, resulting in a mushrooming of new media outlets. Journalists are
experiencing unprecedented freedom. Libya has not yet adopted a media law, and
there are no clear legal guidelines on libel and slander, or a code of ethics
for journalists.
Radio
Radio
Libyan Radio and TV (LRT) is the
successor to the Gaddafi-era state broadcaster. Dozens of radio outlets, many
privately-owned, broadcast from Libyan cities and from Middle East media hubs.
The BBC World Service Arabic broadcasts on 91.5 FM in Tripoli, Benghazi, and Misrata.
Radio stations
- Libyan Radio and Television (LRT) - state-run, operates Radio Libya, Al-Shababiyah, Al-Itha'ah al-Wataniya
- Voice of Free Libya - Benghazi-based, Al-Bayda, Misrata
- Libya FM - Egypt-based
- Tribute FM: An English-language internet station broadcasting from Benghazi. Website
Radios
1.35 million (1997)
Television
Libyan Radio and TV (LRT) is the
successor to the Gaddafi-era state broadcaster. More than 20 TV stations, many
privately-owned, broadcast from Libyan cities and from Middle East media hubs.
Television receivers
889,232 receivers, 149 per 1000
inhabitants (2005).
Television broadcast stations
- Libya TV - aka Libya al-Ahrar; Qatar-based satellite station, launched in April 2011. Homepage
- Libya al-hurra TV
- Libya Al-Wataniya TV - state-run
- Libya Radio and Television (LRT) - state-run
- Al-Asimah TV - private
Telephones
In the course of the 2011 Libyan civil war, the government severed
the physical communications links between the rebel-held east and the rest of
Libya. However, the newer and less centralised Libyana network held copies of
the HLR and engineers were able to restore some
local services. With some assistance from the international community, and
funded by an expatriate Libyan, a limited international service became
available in mid-April. NTC officials were reported to be
negotiating with Qtel,
the Qatari-owned service provider, to restore full service to the rebel-held
areas.
Telephones
- 1,228,300 fixed subscriptions, 19.33 per 100 inhabitants (2010)
- 10.9 million mobile cellular, 66th in the world (2009)
Mobile
telephone operators
- Al Madar
- Libyana
Internet
Facebook, Twitter and YouTube
played important roles in bringing news to the world audience during the
revolt. Facebook remains a favorite platform to view and comment on the news.
Internet users
904,604 (2010)
Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions
72,800 subscriptions, 98th in the
world, 1.5 subscriptions per 100 inhabitants (2010)
Internet hosts
17,787 hosts, 122nd in the world
(2011)
IPv4 addresses allocated
299,008 addresses, 105th in the
world, 44.4 per 1000 inhabitants (2012)
Top-level domain
.ly
The Internet and telecommunications are mainly run by the
government through a semi-private telecommunication company Libya Telecom & Technology. The
company moderates and controls the use of the Internet in Libya.
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)
- 23 ISPs (1999)
- Libya Telecom & Technology (LTT) - a state-owned telecommunications company
- Al-Manarah - leading Libyan online community
- All Libyan Blogs - blog aggregator
- Bayt Al Shams (BsISP)
- Modern World Telecom (MWC)
The Internet and the civil war
See also: Free speech
in the media during the 2011 Libyan civil war
In 2006 Reporters Without Borders
(RWB) removed Libya from their list of Internet enemies after a fact-finding
visit found no evidence of Internet censorship. The OpenNet Initiative’s
2007–2008 technical test results contradicted that conclusion, however.In 2009
ONI classified Internet filtering in Libya as selective in the political area
and as no evidence in social, conflict/security, and Internet tools.
Prior to the civil war, Internet
filtering under the Gaddafi regime had become more selective, focusing on a few
political opposition Web sites. This relatively lenient filtering policy
coincided with what was arguably a trend toward greater openness and increasing
freedom of the press. However, the legal and political climate continued to
encourage self-censorship in online media.
On 18 February 2011, the day
after the first protests that were to lead to the 2011 Libyan civil war, Libya appeared to have
withdrawn all of its BGP prefix announcements from the Internet
for a short period, cutting it off from the rest of the global Internet. The
prefix were re-advertised six hours later.
There was no traffic for several
hours on 19 and 20 February. Service picked up over the next few days to almost
normal levels until, at 6:00am on 3 March, traffic effectively ceased (except
for very limited satellite links). The government had severed the underwater
backbone fibre-optic cable that runs along the coast, linking networks in the
east and servers in the west of the country. Engineers reckon the break is
between the cities of Misrata and Khoms,
and may be a physical or electronic rupture.
From 10 July traffic began increasing again, and after a brief shutdown on
15 July, it was reaching about 15% of its pre-17 February levels up to 22
August, the day Tripoli fell to the rebels. Traffic began increasing again at
that point, and as of 2 September was reaching daily levels in excess of 50%
and often as high as 75% of pre-war levels.The overthrow of the Gaddafi regime in the fall of 2011 ended an era of censorship. In 2012 RWB removed Libya from its list of countries under surveillance.
VSAT INTERNET FOR
LIBYA
Libya
is within our satellite KU band service coverage via SES-4, AM44 and ARABSAT.
See footprints below.
See
above the Middle East Map and trace Libya to the satellite coverage
below. This means Libya people can avail of a two way data, voice, video
and internet communications to the rest of the globe via any of these covering
communication satellites.
What
will be required are an ODU (Out Door Unit) composed of satellite dish antenna
(VSAT), penetrating or non penetrating mount which can be aligned to the
serving satellite by qualified engineer in no time; and an IDU (In Door Unit)
composed of satellite modem or receiver/transmitter and a connection to
the end user LAN (Local Area Network).
City
Tripoli, Benghazi ,Misrata , Bayda
, Zawiya , Zliten , Tobruk, Ajdabiya, Derna , Sabha , Khoms , Zuwara , Khufra, Marj
, Tajura ,Tarhuna , Sirte , Gharyan , Msallata , Bani Walid, Jumayl, Al Karama,Sorman,
Al-Uruba, Al Gseibat, Shahhat, Ubari , Asbi'a , Jadid , El Agheila , Abyar ,Nofaliya
, Regdalin,Gasr Akhyar, Al Qubah, Tawergha, Al Maya, Murzuk, Brega , Teghsat, Hun
, Jalu , Sabratha, Al Ujeilat, Nalut, Suluq, Shuhada' al Buerat, Zaltan , Mizda
, Waddan, Ra's Lanuf , Al Urban , Yafran , Ar Rayaniya , Umm al Rizam , Taucheira
, Brak , Abu Ghlasha , Ad Dawoon , Teji , Qaminis, Qatrun , Benina , Kikla , Al
Rheibat , Sokna , Massa , Bin Jawad , Umm al Aranib , Jadu, Ghadames , Ar Rabta
, Sidi Khalifa, Ghat , Al Abraq, Sidi as Said, Ar Rajban , Awjila , Ras al
Hamam , Tolmeitha , Zella , Wadi Utba , Al
Barkat , Martuba , Traghan , Al Hashan , El Bayyada , Qayqab , Mashashita , Bu-Fakhra
, Musaid , Tacnis , Susa , Wadi Zem-Zem , Batta , Tazirbu, Jadid , Farzougha , Qaryat
‘Umar al Mukhtar , Bi'r al Ashhab.
Districts
(البطنان Butnan ), (درنة Derna ),(الجبل الاخضر Jabal al Akhdar ),(المرج Marj ), (بنغازي Benghazi
), (الواحات Al Wahat ), (الكفرة Kufra
), (سرت
Sirte ), (مرزق Murzuq
), (سبها Sabha ), (وادي الحياة Wadi al Hayaa ), (مصراتة
Misrata ), (المرقب Murqub
), (طرابلس Tripoli ), (الجفارة Jafara
), (الزاوية Zawiya ), (النقاط الخمس Nuqat al Khams ),(الجبل الغربي Jabal al Gharbi ), (نالوت Nalut
), (غات Ghat ), (الجفرة Jufra ), (وادي الشاطئ Wadi al Shatii )
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